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In Spain alone, more than 400 varieties of olive tree are planted, and it is incredible how, being the same type of tree, its fruits can have such different connotations.
Surely more than once you have heard someone refer to olive oil as liquid gold, and rightly so, since there are some varieties of olive tree that give olives that really produce an oil that is a luxury, both for its taste and its properties. And there are many varieties of olive trees that produce a delicious and rich fruit in all senses.
Although the planting of olive trees is not exclusive to Spain, it is one of the most important olive growers in the world. And olive oil is very much of our land.
How many varieties of olive trees are there?
As we have already told you, there are more than 400 varieties of olive trees. We are not going to mention them all, because the list is very long, but we do want you to know the main varieties.
It is important to know that all types of olive trees can be planted anywhere, as they usually require certain factors to be planted. It is necessary to know the climate and the characteristics of the land. Some varieties, for example, withstand the cold better and others the heat. Some require more water and others even with drought can survive without problem.
When planting an olive variety, the time of growth and ripening, the fall and harvest of the olive, the time of the year, etc., must also be taken into account.
Most important olive tree varieties in Spain:
Empeltre olive tree:
Its cultivation in Spain is located in the Northeast of Spain, in Aragon, Tarragona, Navarra, La Rioja and the Balearic Islands. It is the autochthonous variety of Almazara Artal in Bajo Aragón.
The Empeltre olive variety is a variety that enters into production very early and has high productivity.
The Empeltre olive tree is considered a rustic variety, it adapts well to poor soils and little water.
Arberquina olive tree: it is perhaps one of the best known varieties. This olive tree is strong and adapts easily to the climate and terrain. It bears a lot of fruit and an abundant oil of very good quality can be produced. More than 70,000 hectares are planted every year in Spain.
Picual olive tree: More than 95% of the olive tree plantation in Jaén is this olive variety. One of the most important. Its quality is average, but its production is very profitable.
Blanqueta olive tree: Typical of Valencia, it is a variety that resists very well to the cold, but does not withstand frost, so the climate of Valencia favors it. It has a fairly stable and high annual production.
Verdial de Badajoz olive tree: With almost 30,000 hectares, this variety is found in Extremadura. It produces a very good quality oil. It is a tree that withstands drought. This olive tree bears a lot of fruit, although it ripens late.
Olivo Manzanilla Cacereña: We continue in Extremadura with this variety of olive tree. It is mainly located in Cáceres, although it can also be found in Badajoz and to a lesser extent in Salamanca, Ávila and Madrid. It is one of the best oils in Spain.
Cornicabra olive tree: It is very resistant to cold, and we find it mainly in the center of the peninsula. The oil that comes from this olive tree is mainly used for cooking, it is rich in oleic acid. It is a very interesting traditional variety.
Hojiblanca olive tree: A mainly Andalusian olive tree is one of the best known. Its oil is used for salad dressing and in general to be taken raw. It has an exquisite flavor. It is a strong tree, resistant to high temperatures, droughts and diseases that usually affect olive trees. It is one of the most valued.
What are the most productive varieties of olive trees?
The most productive olive variety is arbequina. Its plantation gives a great production and is very stable over time. For this reason, it is a very popular variety. Its olive production can reach 18,000 kg per hectare.
This variety takes only about 3 years to bear fruit from the time it is planted. And since it is not very large, up to 1,600 olive trees can be planted in one hectare. Only about 1.5 meters should be left between each olive tree.
The picual olive tree would be the second in the ranking of the most productive. Although the price of arbequina olive oil is higher, since above all, the one that comes from Cordoba has a superior quality.
Where are there olive plantations in Spain?
The olive tree is one of the most widely planted trees in Spain, its main plantations are in Andalusia, Aragon, Extremadura, Catalonia, Valencia and Castilla la Mancha. Just as you are thinking, in great part of the territory of the Iberian Peninsula. And it is a tree that grows very well especially in these lands due to its characteristics and climate.
Our olive trees in Lower Aragon are a good example of this.
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